Researchers from IIM Lucknow and Ahmedabad University published a study in Applied Energy. It outlines steps for India’s industrial sector to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070. The study focuses on energy efficiency, material recycling, and clean technologies like carbon capture and hydrogen.

India’s industrial sector contributes 22 percent of the country’s emissions. It is a major part of the economy, but it relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas. This reliance makes decarbonisation difficult. The research covers industries like steel, cement, aluminium, chemicals, and textiles. It uses energy-economy models and expert insights to propose four scenarios:

• Business-As-Usual

  

• Development First

• Carbon Neutral

• Synchronous

These scenarios explore the impact of policies, technologies, and investments on emissions and growth.

Professor Dipti Gupta from IIM Lucknow said the study examines India’s transition to net-zero by 2070. She stated that industrial growth must minimise environmental and social harm. “Decarbonising the industry sector will require rapid technology development, international finance for scaling up key technologies, innovative business models and standardised emission reporting,” she added.

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The study shows that emissions could reduce by 63% by 2050 with proper policies and technologies. The “SYNCH” scenario suggests reducing pollution requires $1.7 trillion by 2050. This amount would fund cleaner electricity, recycling systems, and carbon capture technologies.

The study identifies three key actions:

• Improve energy efficiency immediately, as it is cost-effective and quick.

• Enhance material efficiency with rules for pollution and resource disclosure.

• Strengthen emissions trading programs and enforce carbon tracking standards, helping businesses adopt sustainable practices.

The study adds that India needs financial aid and technology from other countries. Hydrogen-based systems and carbon capture need further development. Success depends on investments, technology adoption, and policies balancing environmental protection and economic progress.

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